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indexcodes.txt

http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf https://opendata.ljmu.ac.uk/id/document/2019 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf https://opendata.ljmu.ac.uk/id/document/2019 http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf https://opendata.ljmu.ac.uk/id/document/2019 archive 7 disk0/00/00/02/75 2026-05-21 08:36:18 2026-05-21 08:36:18 2026-05-21 08:36:18 data_collection show 7 Powell Anna 0000-0002-4879-4124 Suwalowska Halina Sankoh Osman Guo Chunlan Ying Yang Chang Emily Sekalala Sharifah Salisbury Laura Kingori Patricia Wilkins Cara After the End Team Ogden Ruth After the End: Lived Experiences and Aftermaths of Diseases, Disasters and Drugs in Global Health Project, Wellcome Trust–funded group, Ethox Centre, OX3 7LF, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Ethox Centre, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom Centre for Health Research and Training, University of Management and Technology, Kissy Dockyard, Freetown, Sierra Leone Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China School of Law, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom Department of English and Creative Writing, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QH, United Kingdom psychology public COVID-19; Coronavirus; Vaccine Hesitancy; Threat Perception; Temporal Proximity; 520304 Health psychology Depositing user's licence comment: This research was funded in whole or in part by The Wellcome Trust, 225238/Z/22/Z. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission. Background: Vaccine hesitancy undermines vaccination strategies and is shaped by non-modifiable contextual and individual/group factors, and potentially modifiable cognitive processes. The Health Belief Model (HBM) offers a framework for understanding health decision-making, including the role of threat perception, which is influenced by perceived proximity to a threat. Construal Level Theory (CLT) suggests that psychologically distant events are construed more abstractly, reducing perceived urgency. While spatial and social proximity (physical closeness and effects on one’s social network) have been widely studied, temporal proximity (nearness or distance in time) has been explored less. Given research that the pandemic affected time perception, this study examined whether perceived temporal proximity predicts future COVID-19 vaccine intent, and whether this relationship is statistically mediated by COVID-19 anxiety. Methods: A cross sectional survey assessed whether temporal proximity was associated with future vaccine intent (less vs. more likely to vaccinate) using multivariable binary logistic regression. Mediation analysis tested whether COVID-19 anxiety explained this relationship. Covariates included age, gender, direct COVID impact/risk variables, and trust in government. In total, 696 individuals were included in analyses (345 women; mean age = 47.27 ± 15.53 years). Results: Greater temporal proximity predicted greater intention to receive a future COVID-19 vaccine. There was also evidence of a significant indirect association via COVID 19 anxiety: greater perceived proximity was associated with higher anxiety, and higher anxiety was associated with greater vaccination intent. Significant covariates included perceived vulnerability to COVID-19, and trust in government. Conclusions: Findings support evidence that proximity influences threat perception and behavioural intentions, demonstrating that temporal proximity functions similarly in a real-world preventative healthcare context. The observed indirect association via anxiety, considered alongside the HBM and CLT, is discussed as a possible mechanism underlying the proximity-intention link. Longitudinal research is needed to assess causality and inform communication strategies using temporal framing. 2026-05-14 published 10.24377/LJMU.d.00000275 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X26005268 Wellcome Trust (WT) Liverpool John Moores University Wellcome Trust (WT) 225238/Z/22/Z 520304 Data were collected as part of the After the End project, which investigates lived experiences in the aftermath of diseases, disasters, and other global health crises once they are officially declared to be ‘over’. A cross-sectional, correlational design was used to assess factors associated with vaccine intent, which was analysed as a binary outcome: being less or more likely to have a COVID-19 vaccine in the future. The primary independent variable was perceived temporal proximity. Covariates included age, gender, direct COVID impact/risk variables (having long-COVID, having a health condition perceived as increasing vulnerability to COVID-19, or being a carer for someone vulnerable), and trust in government. Participants were adult UK residents recruited through Prolific.com, an online research platform where individuals opt in to take part in studies. Recruitment used Prolific’s “Representative Sample” feature, which applies census matched quota sampling to ensure that the sample reflects UK population distributions for age, gender, and ethnicity. Because Prolific distributes studies directly to eligible users, a conventional response rate was not calculated. The questionnaire was available for one day, on 8 March 2025, with no reminders issued. 225238/Z/22/Z English English 2025-03-08 2025-03-08 2026-05-14